Modular Air Handling Units

Modular Air Handling Units

Modular Air Handling Units

Modular Air Handling Units | Lotusair Ventilation Systems

Modular Air Handling Units LKS Modular AIR HANDLING UNITS are designed by Lotus Research and Development team in order to meet the hygiene, comfort and industrial AIR HANDLING UNIT needs. The panel and frame structures of LKS Modular AIR HANDLING UNITS, which are designed based on energy eciency at the basic point of their design, can provide low heat bridge values. In this way, heat bridges and heat leaks occurring from the housing of the AIR HANDLING UNIT can be prevented. Thanks to its modular structure, it provides easy assembly and disassembly opportunities.

Standards

Modular AIR HANDLING UNITS offer a comfortable indoor atmosphere due to their high energy eciency and their design that meets the standards. During the designing process, the requirements and classifications contained in national and international standards and legal regulations were taken into considerations

EN 1886 Ventilation For Buildings AIR HANDLING UNITS Mechanical Performance

EN 13053 Classification of Air-Conditioning Power Units and

Performance of Units, Equipment and Departments

EN 13779 Ventilation in Non-Residential Buildings Performance Criteria for

Ventilation and Local Air Conditioning Systems

EN 308 Heat Exchangers; Heat Recovery From Air-To-Air And Waste Gases;

Experimental Methods For Determining The Performance Of Their Units

European Union Energy Commission (EU) No. 1253/2014 “ECO-DE- SIGN

Requirements In Ventilation Units" EUROVEN TEN 1886 

The identification and classification of the mechanical properties of AIR HANDLING UNITS should be carried out in parallel with the requirements of EN 1886 standard. The tests required for the classification are carried out in accord with the conditions established by this standard.

Housing

LKS Modular AIR HANDLING UNITS are manufactured with an anodized aluminium frame structure with values of D2, L2, T3, TB3 in parallel with EN 1886 standard. LKS Modular AIR HANDLING UNITS are manufactured modularly with reference to standard filter sizes. There is no metal contact between the inner part of the AIR HANDLING UNIT and the outer surface of the housing of the plant. In this way, high thermal bridging values can be achieved. A specially designed sealing system, which prevents the inner and outer sheets of the panel from contacting each other, is used. No intermediary profiles are used while connecting the panels to the frame; instead, each panel is connected to another. In this way, uniform insulation is maintained on the entire surface of the AIR HANDLING UNIT; thus, thermal leaks can be kept to a minimum level.

Foot

The special structure of the foot used in LKS AIR HANDLING UNITS provides high benefits to the user during transportation and operation. Each cell of the AIR HANDLING UNIT has feet independent of other cells and allows access to the lower parts of the cells. In this way, convenience is ensured during transportation; plus, easy cleaning in the lower parts of the cells is ensured. As standard, all feet are manufactured as electrostatic oven-dyed 2,5 galvanized sheets. All feet have connection ports that allow cells to move both horizontally and vertically as standard.

Panel

LKS AIR HANDLING UNIT panels are manufactured as standard with rock wool insulation with a thickness of 50 mm and a density of 70 kg/m3. Thanks to the special design of the panels, a smooth structure is achieved on the inner and outer surfaces of the power plant. In this way, it is easy to clean and minimal internal pressure losses are experienced. Specially designed gaskets are used in order to prevent the inner and outer sheets of the panel from coming into contact with each other. In this way, high thermal bridging values and minimum thermal leakage can be ensured. As a standard for Panels, the inner sheets are made of 0.8 mm 275 gr/mm2 Galvanized Sheet, the outer sheets are made of 1.0 mm RAL 9002 painted sheet. The panels are connected to the AIR HANDLING UNIT frame with special design screws with increased corrosion resistance. The screws are hidden inside the panel and the outer parts are sealed with sealing stoppers made of plastic-based material. By this way, the formation of a heat bridge is prevented.


In LKS Modular AIR HANDLING UNITS, there are fans with front-bent frequently-placed blades, fans with back-bent sparsely-placed blades, Airfoil Plug Fans or EC Fans.

Under the roof of the criteria determined by the user, fans of all four types can be selected and optimization can be performed according to the eciency of the fans, sound levels and engine power. Fan outputs in the devices can be from the bottom, from the top or the front side in accord with the project. Fan outputs of the devices are manufactured together with flanges so that the connection with the air duct can be established. Just like the fact that flanges can be squarely shaped, there are also rectangular versions.

The fan/motor group is mounted on spring-structured insulators to prevent vibrations from being transmitted to the air duct. In the fan cells, there are service covers for engine service, belt control, replacement and fan cleaning. Optionally, a sight glass, cell lighting, a belt break signal or a constant flow kit (only for plug fans) shall be available. In applications, where plug fans are used and aggressive gases are present, devices with upper or lower shots can be used to remove the engine from the cell; and, by this way, the engine can be protected

Panel Filter

Panel filters used for the purpose of pre-filter are manufactured as zigzags in cassettes to increase the air passage area in comfort applications. Filters, which can be G2, G3 and G4 class according to their dust holding capacity, can be cleaned with air; optionally, they can be produced in a washable type. They can also be manufactured as metal-containing oil containers to contain oil and similar materials. The dimensions of the filters used are standard, they are easy to service and replace. Carbon- impregnated types are also available to block the smell in the air


Bag Filter

They are used for good-quality filtration of pre-filtered air; they have a high dust retention capacity and are classified as M5, M6, F7, F8 and F9 Class according to their dust retention capacities specified in the EN779 standard. In order to reduce the pressure losses on the filter, the standard pocket length of the filters produced in the pocket structure is 300 mm. Optionally, 535 and 600 mm long Filters can be used


Compact Filter

They are used for good-quality filtration of pre-filtered air; they have a high dust retention capacity and are classified as M5, M6, F7, F8 and F9 Class according to their dust retention capacities specified in the EN779 standard. Due to their length of 292 mm, they are used as alternatives to bag filters, especially in applications, where a compact structure is preferred. Compact filters cannot be cleaned when they get dirty, as they lose their filtration ability; and, they need to be replaced with new ones.

Heating and Cooling Batteries are used in LKS Modular AIR HANDLING UNITS according to the designed heating and cooling needs. Refrigerant batteries can be of the Aqueous Type or Refrigerant Type, while heater batteries can also be of the Vapor Type. The batteries designed through a selection program according to the desired capacity, pressure drop and geometry are of Copper Tube type with Aluminium blades as standard, and can optionally be manufactured from copper tubes/copper blades or steel. In aqueous type batteries, an Air Purger is available as standard. Airtightness is ensured by a by-pass sheet applied around the batteries. In case the charging speed of the refrigerant batteries is above 2.5 m/s, then the batteries must be manufactured together with droplet holders.

          

Electric Heater

It is used in cases, where there are no heat sources for heating the air, or in order. to prevent freezing. They are equipped with Operating Thermostats and Safety Limit Thermostats as standard. By connecting these thermostats to automation, increasing the cell temperature of electric heaters at undesirable values can be prevented. Electric heaters can be produced optionally with automation panels operating according to the desired temperature and the necessary safety equipment(dierential pressure switches, flow-switches, safety thermostats



It is the type of heat recovery that is frequently used today. They operate at up to 70% efficiency, according to the temperature and humidity values ​​of the exhausted air from the inside and the fresh air taken from the outside. With the latent heat released as a result of condensation of the exhausted air under winter conditions, temperature efficiency increases. High temperature efficiency and low pressure drop are obtained with this type of heat exchangers. Since the exhaust and fresh air flows are carried out in independent air passage channels, odor, pollutant gas, etc. in the exhausted air. fresh air passage of the substance is prevented. In air handling units using Cross Flow Heat Recovery, by-pass ventilation, or free cooling, can be optionally used to cool the indoor environment during the transition seasons. In this application, with a by-pass damper placed on the heat exchanger, it is ensured that the air is blown to the indoor environment, when desired, without passing over the heat exchanger, that is, without realizing heat transfer. By-Pass ventilation is an optional feature and can be optionally supplied with damper motor and automation.



In standard applications, a condensation pan is added to the section where the exhausted air exits the heat exchanger in the cross-flow heat recovery sections to collect possible condensation. In applications with very high outside humidity, a condensation pan can be optionally added against condensation that may occur in other airflows. Cross Flow Heat recovery sections are designed in the 4 configurations listed below.

     

They are preferred in AIR HANDLING UNIT applications due to their high eciency, humidity transfer capabilities and compact structures. The rotor consists of aluminium sheets wrapped around each other after they are given a sinusoidal waveform. Since the form that determines the distance between two sheets also determines the total heat transfer area; the eciency and pressure drop of the Heat Exchanger also depend on the distance between the plates. As the rotor matrix passes through a flow of air, the Aluminium plates heat up or cool down; and, when the matrix is exposed to other air flows as a result of rotation, then the heat transfer takes place due to this stored energy

     

According to the desired humidity transfer feature, the aluminium sheet can be coated with dierent materials. Regardless of the coating material, while the temperature eciency of rotor type Heat Recovery Exchangers reaches 80%, depending on the blade spacing applied, on the other hand, the humidity transfer eciencies vary. While the humidity transfer eciency is 40% in Condensing Type Rotors, the humidity transfer eciency can reach 60% thanks to the silica-gel coating material used in enthalpy rotors. Nowadays, with the developing nanotechnology, the humidity transfer eciency reaches 80% in Zeolite coated rotors.



In the rotors, there is the possibility of mixing some of the air exhausted by the rotation eect to the fresh air. TKS Modular
AIR HANDLING UNITS are supplied with a Sweeping Chamber as standard to reduce the above-mentioned mixt
During the rotation, the sweeping chamber provides the rotation air to be mixed with the fresh air to be transferred to the rotation duct. At the same time, thanks to this application, which ensures that the rotor surface is continuously clean, the
service period is extended. In the following 4 configurations, Rotor Type Heat Recovery Sections are designed with the counter flow principle. Ideally, one of the C or A configurations is recommended to be used in applications, where the exhausted air is allowed to mix with the fresh air at a minimum rate.

Especially in applications with cold outside weather conditions and in applications, where fresh air is heated to the indoor environment, in order to increase the humidity of the air supplied to the indoor environment, the capacity and model of the humidifier in LKS Modular AIR HANDLING UNITS are determined according to the desired weather conditions.

Isothermal Humidifiers

In LKS Modular AIR HANDLING UNITS, External Steam Type Steam Humidifiers using ready-made steam, Electrode Type Steam Humidifiers, which generates steam by evaporating the softened water provided from water treatment systems thanks to the electrodes in its body, and Resistance Type Steam Humidifiers, which obtain steam using directly municipal water, can be designed and applied. External Steam Type Steam Humidifiers (FSH) -They are used when steam is supplied from steam sources in the enterprises. In order for the water droplets that may occur due to condensation on the walls of the steam distributors, where the components are made of stainless material, to quickly turn into water vapour, they have a special design. Depending on the inlet humidity and the desired humidity values, steam penetration distances start from 300 mm.

Steam Humidifier

It consists of a Microprocessor-Controlled Steam Generating Unit and a pipe set. Humidification is realized by delivering the
steam taken from the humidifier into the power plant through steam distribution pipes. It produces steam from municipal water by using electrical energy. There are steam humidifiers with ON-OFF or proportional controls, operating at 230-400 Volts, with a capacity range of 5 kg/h up to 180 kg/h

Pad/Filler Equipped Humidifiers

By quenching a cellulosic-based filling material that shall provide humidity transfer, the specific humidity of the air passing over it shall be increased. The system is fed by the circulation pump with the water coming from the water pool on itself and by the water provided from the municipal water. It is used with a droplet holder to prevent water droplets from passing into the air in applications, where airspeed is above 2.5 m/s. These types of humidifiers are also used for cooling purposes, especially in dry climates, thanks to their adiabatic cooling features.

Condensation Tray

Condensation trays made of stainless steel shall be used as standard in order to remove the condensation, which shall occur in the cooling coils, from the system. Condensation trays are manufactured with double slopes by using Weld Containing
Production Processes in order to accelerate the evacuation of the formed condensate water. A collective siphon is provided as standard with each device against the passage of odour and similar chemical particles from the condensation outlet to the
AIR HANDLING UNIT




Silencer

Since the housing of LKS Modular AIR HANDLING UNITS has high sound absorption capabilities, the ambient sound of the devices is low. In applications, where it is desired to reduce the sound caused by the movement of air, or in applications, where a very low sound level is required, sound levels can be reduced by using silencers of dierent lengths. 3 dierent lengths of silencer cells are designed as standard in the devices. In applications, where lower noise is desired, these a few cells can be used. Sound absorption values of the silencer cells at dierent frequencies are given in the table below.



Control dampers with aluminium profile bodies and aluminium aerodynamic blades are used in the AIR HANDLING UNITS.
The plastic gear mechanisms of the opposing blades are hidden between the aluminium edge profiles.

Thanks to the sealing gaskets and adjustment levers on the tips of the blades of the dampers; precise flow control becomes
available. Dampers can optionally be hand-controlled or servo motor-controlled.



There are three dierent damper sections in the devices; suction cell with single damper, mixing cell with two (double)
dampers and mixing cell with three dampers and they can be used according to the principles of the application. All dampers in the mixing cell dampers have been selected according to the velocities that will emerge when all the air is passed over them. Optionally, pre-filtering can be applied to damper cells.


LKS Modular Air Handling Units can optionally be supplied with an automatic control system to meet the project needs in order to meet the currently increasing energy saving requirements and the sensitive control needs of the air conditioning systems of the buildings. The automatic control system consists of a combination of electrical and electronic control panels of the device and since it is designed to work in harmony with the equipment used in AIR HANDLING UNITS, it prevents problems
that may occur in the field.




In line with the needs of the air conditioning system, basic components such as temperature/humidity/air quality sensors used in the device and in the duct, frequency inverters providing flow rate adjustment or EC motor automation, damper and mixed air control, heating/cooling capacity control, filter pollution control are applied to the devices and shipped to the field. In addition to being able to be controlled via a hand terminal, the automation panel provides flexibility to the user with the possibility of connecting to the building automation system and controlling it via a computer. Automation panels are designed by our technical team in line with the project needs; in LKS Modular Air Handling Units, the following controls can be provided with automation application and appropriate component selection:

• Constant airflow
• Constant channel pressure
• Providing ventilation as much as necessary
• Variable flow control
• Electric heater control (gradual or non-staged control)
• Heating capacity control
• Cooling capacity control
• Heat recovery exchanger control (by-pass, REV control)
• Freezing control
• Fire Alarm
• Filter tracking
• Fault tracking and recording
• Weekly work schedule
• Damper control

In LKS Modular Air Handling Units, mixing cells are designed to mix the return air coming from the indoor environment with
the fresh air and blow it into the indoor environment. Mixing cells are frequently used in order to positively pressurize the volume served by the air handling unit or to meet the fresh air requirement in applications where there are kitchen / toilet
ventilation systems with a direct discharge without reuse.



In LKS Modular Air Handling Units, an economizer cell is designed to be used with a return fan in order to discharge the low-quality indoor air to the outside and to supply the determined amount of fresh air to the indoor environment. Through the economizer control system to be applied, it is possible to increase the fresh air ratio to provide optimum mixing air. With the economizer cell, the indoor environment can be kept at negative, neutral or positive pressure when desired.
For the airflow adjustment, resistance is created in the economizer dampers and the return air/fresh air ratio in the mixed air is adjusted according to the pressure drop created.


Feeding side

1- Pre-Filter Cell: Fresh air received through dampers is pre-filtered by G2, G3 and G4 filters
2 -FILTER Cell: F5, F6, F7 for filtration of small particles in the fresh air, Bag (precision) filters are used in classes F8 and F9
3- Heat Recovery Cell: Energy recovery is achieved by transferring heat from the exhaust air
4- Heating Battery: It is used to heat the air taken from the external environment. Hygienic and comfort types are available.
5- Freeze Protection Cell: A specially designed frost protection cell with easy access to eliminate the risks that may occur with
freezing after the heating coil on the fresh air line.
6- Cooling Battery: It is used to cool down the air taken from the external environment. Hygienic and comfort types are available.
7 -Supply Air Fan: It is possible to choose between forward-curved, backwards-curved blades or plug fans. Accessories such as inward opening type service door and discharge mouth flanges suitable for positive pressure can be added


The rotating side

8- Return Air Filter: The return (exhaust) air taken with an adjustable damper is passed through G2-G3-G4 filters to prevent contamination and damage to the heat recovery cell.
9- Control Cell: It ensures that the device can work in accordance with the building automation and that the desired working conditions for the place can be easily adjusted. It saves energy according to the use case and comfort conditions.
10- Exhaust Fan Cell: Exhaust air fan and section plug, forward curved and backward curved blades and inward or outward opening type service door option suitable for positive or negative pressure, with discharge mouth flange.